From d3df5095b8dc7288b593f17a680a5001bac17ca7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Venkat Malladi <venkat.malladi@utsouthwestern.edu>
Date: Wed, 15 May 2019 09:27:45 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] Update phantompeaks.md
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Phantompeakqualtools plots the strand cross-correlation of aligned reads for each sample. In a strand cross-correlation plot, reads are shifted in the direction of the strand they map to by an increasing number of base pairs and the Pearson correlation between the per-position read count vectors for each strand is calculated. Two cross-correlation peaks are usually observed in a ChIP experiment, one corresponding to the read length ("phantom" peak) and one to the average fragment length of the library. The absolute and relative height of the two peaks are useful determinants of the success of a ChIP-seq experiment. A high-quality IP is characterized by a ChIP peak that is much higher than the "phantom" peak, while often very small or no such peak is seen in failed experiments.
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*Source: Landt SG et al, Genome Research (2012)*
Normalized strand coefficient (NSC) is the normalized ratio between the fragment-length cross-correlation peak and the background cross-correlation. NSC values range from a minimum of 1 to larger positive numbers. 1.1 is the critical threshold. Datasets with NSC values much less than 1.1 (< 1.05) tend to have low signal to noise or few peaks (this could be biological eg. a factor that truly binds only a few sites in a particular tissue type OR it could be due to poor quality). ENCODE cutoff: NSC > 1.05.
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